byte[] b = new byte[10];
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
  b[i] = (byte) System.in.read();
}

Of course, this produces a signed byte instead of the unsigned byte returned by the read() method (that is, a byte in the range -128 to 127 instead of 0 to 255). However as long as you're clear in your mind and your code about which one you're working with, this doesn't present a problem.
Signed bytes can be converted back to ints in the range 0 to 255 like this:

int i = b >= 0 ? b : 256 + b;